Tag Archives: Linux
rmdir force in Linux ? – How to force remove Linux directories
rmdir is a command in windows to force remove directories. The equivalent command in Linux and Unix is – rm , the command is used to remove file and directories. Learn more about using rm command in Linux to force remove directories .
How to Remove ^M in Linux & Unix
Control M ( ^M) characters are introduced when you use lines of text from a windows computer to Linux or Unix machine. Most common reasons are when you directly copy a file from a windows system or submit form data copied and pasted from a windows machine.
Detecting ^M characters
^M is non printable character and often becomes difficult to find, in order to see if your file contains any non printable character use the cat command with -v option
$cat -v filename
Methods to remove ^M
In all these method , real secret is not to type ^M using keyboard but rather typing in control key sequence to get the ^M control character.
man command in Linux and Unix
man command, short for manual, provides help for the commands, utilities or function in Linux and Unix systems. Learn about usage , related packages, sections and other interesting facts about man pages.
Linux Download : Top 10 Free Linux Distributions for Desktop and Servers
All the Linux distributions are either derivative of GNU/Linux ( OS made up of Linux Kernel developed by Linus Torvalds and GNU software repository) or derived from other Linux derivatives.
Desktop distributions comes with Graphical user interface enabled by default & aimed at individual users and most of the administration work can be done using GUI. Good for new users and running Linux-based graphical applications.
Server Distribution are for more advanced users who are familiar with Linux command line as Graphical Interface is not enabled by default in most of the server distributions. Server distributions comes with web servers like apache and networking packages like DNS and useful for running backend services , work as web server or DNS Server.
Top 10 Must have Books for Unix and Linux
Here is the top 10 must have books for Unix and Linux , these are great books for any one working in Unix and Linux from beginner to advance users improve skills and go deeper to understand, learn, program and manage Unix and Linux systems.
Linux RPMs – All you need to know
This document contains an overview of the principal RPM commands for installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, listing, and checking RPM packages on your Red Hat Linux system.
This document uses apache rpm httpd-2.0.49-4.i386.rpm , as an example.
fsck Command – Check & Repair Linux & Unix File Systems
fsck, similar to chkdsk in windows, checks and repairs the file system in Unix & Linux operating systems. Learn about fsck modes, phases & fsck errors messages
fsck, File System Consistency checK, is a system utility in Unix, Linux and other Unix like systems for checking and repairing file system inconsistencies.
File system can become inconsistent due to several reasons and the most common is abnormal shutdown due to hardware failure, power failure or switching off the system without proper shutdown. Due to these reasons the superblock in a file system is not updated and has mismatched information relating to system data blocks, free blocks and inodes.
fsck in Linux
fsck in this document is refered with reference to ufs file system but it can be used in Linux systems as
fsck -t ext2 /dev/sda3
or
fsck.ext2 /dev/sda3
fsck.ext4 /dev/sda3
fsck.ext3 /dev/sda3
it returns with any of the followig code
0 – No errors
1 – File system errors corrected
2 – System should be rebooted
4 – File system errors left uncorrected
8 – Operational error
16 – Usage or syntax error
32 – Fsck canceled by user request
128 – Shared library error
fsck checks the file systems defined in /etc/fstab in Linux and /etc/vfstab in Unix systems